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Avrupa Minerals and MATSA are trying to track down a pretty complex and intensely folded potential mineral deposit, as can be seen here in this conceptual section A-B, drawn after the latest results came in.

As can be seen, folded structures like this can only be described properly by strings of closely spaced drill holes, mapping stratigraphy and mineralization in a detailed fashion. Since mineralization could be located at significant depth in this case, deep drilling is also necessary. Keep in mind the nearby historic Lousal Mine which mined 20Mt and is estimated to contain another 30Mt of ore, has a similar mineralized envelope consisting predominantly out of black shales and massive sulphides, and this is exactly what Avrupa and MATSA are looking for at Sesmarias. For more understanding, here is a slightly enlarged version of the map containing this section.

At this time, 3,580m of diamond drilling has been completed, consisting of 7 holes on three sections (050N, 000 and 070S). The individual results will be discussed later on in this article. As a reminder, hole SES008 was the discovery hole in this area with 5m @ 0.64% Cu, 36.8 g/t Ag, 0.94% Pb, and 1.54% Zn.  Hole SES20-032 didn’t hit any massive mineralization, and SES028 intercepted something that is believed by management to be the edge of a significant feeder zone beneath the 8 Lens, with anomalous values like 0.18ppm Cu over 13.5m from 447m depth.  Hole SES20-031, on a different section, returned 10.75m @ 0.19% copper and 0.74% lead.  Management interpreted these results, as follows:

“Drilling in SES028, in 2018-19, intercepted a long interval of stockwork mineralization interpreted to lie geologically below potential massive sulfide mineralization.  Drilling in SES20-031, late last year, intersected weakly mineralized silica material interpreted to lie geologically above possible massive sulfide mineralization.”

So despite the absence of economic mineralization, management felt it got sufficient clues to proceed with unraveling the Sesmarias puzzle, and recently commenced drilling of hole SES21-038, located more to the southeast following the 070 S fence, in order to test strike mineralized potential to the south.

When we take a look at the results of SES21-34 and SES21-35, drilled at section 050 N in order to test the northern strike potential, nothing but anomalous levels were hit unfortunately. According to management, not all is lost:

“However, geological complications caused by faulting and folding of the target units appear, for all practical appearances, to have transposed the massive sulfide targets somewhat to the east.  As both drill holes now appear to have been collared too far to the west, the results indicate that the Company drilled over the potential massive sulfide zone, just as SES21-032 did in Section 000.  SES21-034 crossed mineral horizon gray and black shales with elevated results in indicator metals arsenic and antimony, as well as lead.  SES21-035 crossed 12.2 meters of stockwork sulfides in mineral horizon black shales from 333.90 meters to 346.10 meters.  Geochemical results show anomalous gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc levels, as well as elevated indicator metals antimony and arsenic, suggesting close proximity to a potential massive sulfide zone.”

And:

“SES21-035 stockwork intercept results are strongly anomalous and suggest potential for nearby massive sulfide mineralization.  The Company is planning to drill further on Section 050 N.  Given this anomalism and a good understanding of the geology, it is apparent that the next hole on this section should be collared to the northeast of SES21-035, to target northerly extension of the 8 Lens and potential copper-zinc mineralization.”

This implies that faulting sub-parallel to the current fence directions (050 N, 000, 070 S) potentially displaced mineralized zones to the northeast.  This made me wonder if not a few holes should be drilled perpendicular to the sections/fences outlined so far, in order to get a firm grip on faulting and displacements first. CEO Kuhn had this to say about it:

“At this point, potential mineralization southeast of Section 000 looks to be following a predictable strike.  We collared SES21-038 to test 50 meters strike extension to the SE and will place SES21-039 in a position to test another 50 meters strike extension to the SE.  If all goes well, then we will collar another hole on the Section 050 N, to be collared to the northeast of SES21-035.  So far, it is quite apparent that the strike of the mineralization is NW-SE, and in this area variably dipping to the NE.”

The best two holes of the latest batch were SES21-033 and SES21-036:

• SES21-033: 22.25 meters @ 0.42% Copper, 2.07% Zinc; 1.05% Lead; 0.58 ppm Gold, and 39.3 ppm Silver in semi-massive to massive sulfide mineralization from 363.00 meters to 385.25 meters, with total amount of sulfides generally increasing with depth, and is terminated by the lower fault
• SES21-036: 17.00 meters @ 0.39% Copper; 2.11% Zinc; 1.10% Lead; 0.4 ppm Gold; and 34.1 ppm Silver in semi-massive to massive sulfide mineralization from 406.10 meters to 423.20 meters, within a wider zone of sulfide mineralization starting at 341 meters depth.   Metal values increased downhole as the amount of sulfides increased until the drillhole passed through semi-massive sulfides at 406.10, and continued through massive mineralization to 423.10 meters, where it is truncated by a fault.

Since the mineralization is defined by faults in the sub-vertical direction, I wondered if these fault planes were (sub-)horizontally oriented or (sub-)vertical, and if this has consequences for geological conceptualization and drill targeting. CEO Kuhn thinks that the folding and faulting is highly complex.  The value of drilling on a section allows us to make certain observations of continuity of the structures, and gives us a higher margin of predictability.  We see these complexities in the field at Monte da Bela Vista and at Lousal, and the re-logging of our previous drill holes at Sesmarias supports a similar geological interpretation in the SES002 area and the SES010 area.

Please note that these grades still don’t represent economic mineralization, although the calculated CuEq grade comes in at around 2%.

Avrupa and MATSA are fully aware of this, and Kuhn told me they are clearly looking for average 1% Cu grades in order to make this work. He and MATSA also had no interest in “window dressing” (as he called it) the low copper grades via the byproducts by mentioning CuEq grades. I must say with such credits and resulting CuEq it wouldn’t be uncommon to mention equivalents instead, but as they are predominantly looking for copper, and zinc grades would outscore copper metal values, this is probably the most appropriate thing to do.

“Geological and geochemical results from drilling along Section 000 suggest a downdip projection of about 150 meters of massive sulfides on this section, up to 20 meters thick, and lying within a wider package of lower grade stockwork/replacement sulfide mineralization.  Results from both a recent mise-a-la-masse geophysical study and a coincident grid geochemical survey covering the overall 8 Lens target area suggest further massive sulfide potential, both to the northwest and to the southeast.”

As discussed in my last update, the company is also defining exploration targets to the north of the 8 Lens in the Brejo area.  Permits for exploration drilling are being processed now, and they are looking to add a second drill rig in the near future to drill these targets.  It was my understanding the company would be drilling there now, but according to CEO Kuhn they realized that they were just beginning to figure out the structural complications at the 8 Lens, so they elected to follow the known (or at least partially known) geology and potential mineralization first. He had this to add about the complex geology around hole 008:

“Hole 008 hit a sulfidic zone about 20-30 meters thick, including about 5 meters of massive sulfide at the end, cut off by a fault as you know.  In this case, even though we are drilling down, we are actually going up in stratigraphy.  So we hit stockwork, then semi-massive, then massive which is the proper progression stratigraphically, even though we are going downhole.  We recognize that there are bounding faults to the mineral hosting zone and that the orientation of these faults suggests a wider zone of potential mineralization as we go down. “

The company is also re-mapping the Monte da Bela Vista target area and is in the midst of a 375-sample, grid soil collection program in order to define further drill targets.

Another subject discussed in the earlier update, was the completion of the VTEM survey, slated for mid-March, so I wondered what the status was. Kuhn replied that the survey was completed and the results returned in April, but he didn’t know if it was appropriate for a separate news release.  However, combined with some other updates, the company will issue another news release in the near future, followed by more drill results when they become available.

Something that has had my interest for a long time is the Lousal Mine, and its assumed remaining historic 30Mt resource. In the last update the company disclosed that it was a high priority besides the drill program, and it was mapping geological structures which were visible in the old mine workings, and would finish compiling the old data in a few months. We are passed that point now, so again I turned to CEO Kuhn and asked for an update.

As a reminder: initial work there clearly shows similarity of ore control characteristics to what is known now about the Sesmarias massive sulfide mineralization.  Historical documents and academic studies (non- compliant to NI 43-101 standards) indicate a universal metal resource at the old mine of over 50 million tonnes of massive sulfide material.  Review of original mine records by Avrupa demonstrates that less than 20 million tonnes of ore were actually extracted from Lousal. For me this is the low hanging fruit of Alvalade, and I was very curious about the current status. CEO Kuhn stated the following:

“With all the other work going on, including mapping, sampling, VTEM anomaly follow-up, re-logging of historic drill core, land access permitting work, environmental and social baseline studies, and nearly 4,000 meters of drilling, we just haven’t had the time and staffing to push the Lousal research.  The VTEM program was originally scheduled for the second year of the project work, but we had an opportunity (and funding!) to do it earlier, in the midst of the first year, so we took advantage of that “gift” and pushed other projects back a bit.  Once we complete all of the necessary annual reporting for the Mining Bureau, then we will see how to get going with all the Lousal data.  This will be a complicated digital re-construction, and incredibly important to be as precise as possible as to the location of all the old workings.  When we get to the first drilling there, we want to be (more or less) sure that we are targeting rock and not old holes!

Completion of all this work will give us a better answer for Lousal and MBV.  In addition, we have discovered a possible way to access part of the SES002 area without having to deal with landowner issues.  So there are a lot of targets easier to get to, with plenty of positive possibilities around the license, already supported by geology, geochem, and geophysics.”

After this, Kuhn added he was actively looking into other projects as well. I was a bit surprised by this, as Alvalade with Lousal as a base with a historic resource and MATSA as a JV partner is everything a small prospect generator like Avrupa could wish for. Other projects would cost precious cash and resources, as it already seems Avrupa staff is spread out over all Alvalade work, and new projects would inherently have exploration risk, starting from zero all over again. If Avrupa could get Lousal and Sesmarias to a combined 50Mt @1% Cu and some nice by products to go with that, at current metal prices we would be looking at a US$500-700M NPV project for the JV. In my view it is impossible for Avrupa to find a better project at an acquisition price under C$7-10M, not even talking about the 100-150% dilution which would be necessary.

So I wondered why MATSA isn’t throwing more money at Alvalade, and for example start doing serious work on Lousal and use 3-4 drill rigs combined on Lousal and Sesmarias. Regarding drilling around underground workings I referred to another client of mine, Meridian Mining, who is doing exactly this at their Cabaçal copper-gold VMS project in Brazil. Kuhn answered this:

“Rigs are very difficult to find, and experienced drillers even more difficult! MATSA has two rigs going on their projects in Spain.  The MATSA chief geo was here last week, and would like a second rig in the near future, but deals with budget constraints at the end of year 1.  We have about 350K euros left in the year 1 budget, and he wants to utilize that in the way we are going, before expanding in year 2.”

Let’s see what MATSA will allow to be budgeted into Alvalade. The metal prices surely aren’t any objection, as copper recently went to all time highs and is still hovering at US$4.50/lb, and zinc isn’t exactly bad either at US$1.37/lb.

One last subject I wanted to touch upon is their intention to do a financing soon, as several funds already expressed their interest back in Q1, 2021, and the roll back has been a while now, with the share price again under 10c. CEO Kuhn had this to say about it:  “Timing of a financing is a subject for discussion.  It would be very helpful to get a few more good drill holes, of course.  The relatively slow progress and not a lot of economic drill results so far probably decreased support now for a financing.  However, with some new possibilities at Avrupa and continued positive results from Alvalade, there may be good reason to consider a financing again.  Copper and zinc prices are high, and general sentiment for exploration is certainly better than it has been in a long time.”

It will be obvious how important good drill results will be for Avrupa Minerals, despite the MATSA JV which has fully funded exploration work for the foreseeable future.

Conclusion

Avrupa Minerals is still in the process of chasing economic mineralization at Sesmarias, and from the looks of the latest drill results and the provided insights by management it seems they are getting closer and closer. I can’t say I fully understand the decision of MATSA not to pursue the historic Lousal resource much more forcefully, but as they are budgeting this campaign, Avrupa can only wait patiently for their plans. In the meantime, Avrupa is looking to acquire or option new projects, and maybe this will provide the company with interesting opportunities. For now, ongoing drilling could finally provide the company with economic intercepts, which could incentivize MATSA to speed things up.

I hope you will find this article interesting and useful, and will have further interest in my upcoming articles on mining. To never miss a thing, please subscribe to my free newsletter on my website www.criticalinvestor.eu, in order to get an email notice of my new articles soon after they are published.

Disclaimer:

The author is not a registered investment advisor, and currently has a long position in this stock. Avrupa Minerals is a sponsoring company. All facts are to be checked by the reader. For more information go to www.avrupaminerals.com and read the company’s profile and official documents on www.sedar.com, also for important risk disclosures. This article is provided for information purposes only, and is not intended to be investment advice of any kind, and all readers are encouraged to do their own due diligence, and talk to their own licensed investment advisors prior to making any investment decisions.